The 180 degree rule is a basic filmmaking technique used to show the audience where two characters are in a scene. This is done when two characters are facing each other in one shot, and the camera is placed to show they are looking at each other. So, when the camera is on character A, and then cuts to character B, character B will remain on frame right of character A. Basically, the camera always stays behind an imaginary axis between two characters, or a character and an object.
Finley Cairns A-Level Film Studies Blog 
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